std::merge

来自cppreference.com

 
 
算法库
功能
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Functions
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修改序列操作
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Non-modifying sequence operations
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all_of
any_of
none_of
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
for_each
count
count_if
mismatch
equal
修改序列操作
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Modifying sequence operations
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分区操作
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Partitioning operations
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is_partitioned(C++11)
partition
partition_copy(C++11)
排序操作(排序的区间)
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Sorting operations (on sorted ranges)
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is_sorted(C++11)
is_sorted_until(C++11)
sort
二进制搜索操作(排序的区间)
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Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
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设置操作(排序的区间)
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Set operations (on sorted ranges)
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堆的操作
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Heap operations
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最小/最大操作
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Minimum/maximum operations
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数字操作
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Numeric operations
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C库
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C library
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Defined in header <algorithm>
template< class InputIt1, class InputIt2, class OutputIt >

OutputIt merge( InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1,
                InputIt2 first2, InputIt2 last2

                OutputIt d_first );
(1)
template< class InputIt1, class InputIt2, class OutputIt, class Compare>

OutputIt merge( InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1,
                InputIt2 first2, InputIt2 last2

                OutputIt d_first, Compare comp );
(2)
合并两个已排序的范围[first1, last1)[first2, last2)成一个有序区间开始在d_firstoperator<的第一个版本使用比较的元素,第二个版本使用给定的比较函数comp。等效的元件的相对顺序被保留.
Original:
Merges two sorted ranges [first1, last1) and [first2, last2) into one sorted range beginning at d_first. The first version uses operator< to compare the elements, the second version uses the given comparison function comp. The relative order of equivalent elements is preserved.
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目录

[编辑] 参数

first1, last1 -
第一个范围的元素进行合并
Original:
the first range of elements to merge
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first2, last2 -
要合并的元素的第二范围
Original:
the second range of elements to merge
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d_first -
的目标范围的开头
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the beginning of the destination range
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comp - comparison function which returns ​true if the first argument is less than the second.

The signature of the comparison function should be equivalent to the following:

bool cmp(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b);

The signature does not need to have const &, but the function must not modify the objects passed to it.
The types  Type1 and  Type2 must be such that objects of types InputIt1 and InputIt2 can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to  Type1 and  Type2 respectively. ​

Type requirements
-
InputIt1 must meet the requirements of InputIterator.
-
InputIt2 must meet the requirements of InputIterator.
-
OutputIt must meet the requirements of OutputIterator.

[编辑] 返回值

复制过去的最后一个元素的输出迭代器的元素.
Original:
An output iterator to element past the last element copied.
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[编辑] 复杂性

在大多数std::distance(first1, last1) + std::distance(first2, last2) + 1比较.
Original:
At most std::distance(first1, last1) + std::distance(first2, last2) + 1 comparisons.
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[编辑] 可能的实现

First version
template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2, class OutputIt>
OutputIt merge(InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1,
               InputIt2 first2, InputIt2 last2,
               OutputIt d_first)
{
    for (; first1 != last1; ++d_first) {
        if (first2 == last2) {
            return std::copy(first1, last1, d_first);
        }
        if (*first2 < *first1) {
            *d_first = *first2;
            ++first2;
        } else {
            *d_first = *first1;
            ++first1;
        }
    }
    return std::copy(first2, last2, d_first);
}
Second version
template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2,
         class OutputIt, class Compare>
OutputIt merge(InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1,
               InputIt2 first2, InputIt2 last2,
               OutputIt d_first, Compare comp)
{
    for (; first1 != last1; ++d_first) {
        if (first2 == last2) {
            return std::copy(first1, last1, d_first);
        }
        if (comp(*first2, *first1)) {
            *d_first = *first2;
            ++first2;
        } else {
            *d_first = *first1;
            ++first1;
        }
    }
    return std::copy(first2, last2, d_first);
}

[编辑] 为例

#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
 
int main() 
{
    const std::size_t items = 10;
 
    std::vector<int> v1, v2, dst;
 
    // fill the vectors
    for (std::size_t idx = 0; idx < items; ++idx) {
        v1.push_back(std::rand()%items);
        v2.push_back(std::rand()%items);
    }
 
    // sort
    std::sort(v1.begin(), v1.end());
    std::sort(v2.begin(), v2.end());
 
    // output v1
    std::cout << "v1 : ";
    std::copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(),
              std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << '\n';
 
    // output v2
    std::cout << "v2 : ";
    std::copy(v2.begin(), v2.end(),
              std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << '\n';
 
    // merge
    std::merge(v1.begin(), v1.end(),
               v2.begin(), v2.end(),
               std::back_inserter(dst));
 
    // output
    std::cout << "dst: ";
    std::copy(dst.begin(), dst.end(),
             std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << '\n';
}

Output:

v1 : 0 0 2 2 3 3 3 6 7 9 
v2 : 1 2 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 9 
dst: 0 0 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 9 9

[编辑] 另请参阅

合并两个有序的范围内的地方
Original:
merges two ordered ranges in-place
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(函数模板) [edit]
为升序排序范围
Original:
sorts a range into ascending order
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(函数模板) [edit]
排序范围内的元素,同时保持相等的元素之间的顺序
Original:
sorts a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements
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(函数模板) [edit]